Toxicity of Nerium oleander Extractions on Nematode (Pratylenchussudanensis) on Bt Cotton, Gezira State, Sudan

الملخص

Plant parasitic nematodes are known as animals invertebrates, widespread, cylindrical,
worm-shaped, which infect all crops causing direct damage by absorbing food from plant
cells, leading to heavy losses in terms of production quantity, and indirect damage through
direct infection with fungi and bacteria, in addition to transfer of pathogenic viruses from
one plant to another. Cotton is one of the most important crops in the world due to its great
economic importance. An ethanolic and aqueous extract of the Narium oleander plant was
prepared in the laboratory of the Plant Pathology Center. The effect of these extracts was
studied on cotton cultivar Gossypiumhirsutum (Bt) artificially infected with
Pratylenchussudanensis through selecting treated cotton seeds and planted under
greenhouse conditions. Then treated with both ethanolic and aqueous extracts after two
weeks of planting by injecting (3 cc) of the extract per pot. All pots were injected with an
aqueous suspension containing 40 nematodes from P. sudanensis worms, then the
nematodes were extracted from soil and roots of laboratory plants two months after
injection of the extract, the results showed that the effect of these treatments was significant,
leading to a high increase in plant growth and a decrease in the compared to the control
plants in the soil and roots tissue. The average nematode population in the soil was 10.7
and in the roots 1.7 for the plants treated with the ethanolic extract, while the aqueous
extract was 16.3 in the soil and on the roots 2 , compared to the control was 19.5 in the soil and on the roots 5 , and it was noted that the increase in the growth of plants treated with
the ethanolic extract of N. oleander was greater than the treatment with the aqueous extract